What is Multiple Sclerosis?
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers (myelin). This disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body, leading to a wide range of neurological symptoms. MS often develops between the ages of 20 and 40, and its course can be unpredictable, with periods of flare-ups and remissions.
Common MS symptoms
While symptoms vary widely, common experiences include:
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the limbs
- Vision problems, such as blurred or double vision
- Muscle stiffness or spasms
- Difficulty with balance and coordination
- Fatigue and brain fog
- Speech or swallowing difficulties
Lifestyle tips
Daily strategies can help manage MS and improve quality of life:
- Following a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids
- Staying active with gentle exercise like walking, swimming, or yoga
- Practicing stress-reduction techniques such as meditation or mindfulness
- Prioritizing rest and energy conservation strategies
- Avoiding overheating, which may temporarily worsen symptoms
Specialty medications
MS medications work by calming the immune system, reducing relapses, slowing disease progression, and protecting nerve function. These treatments may be oral, injectable, or infused.
Potential side effects include flu-like symptoms, headaches, fatigue, or increased susceptibility to infections. Contact your doctor if you experience persistent fever, worsening neurological symptoms, or unusual side effects.
Medications used for MS
